Members differ only by the number and arrangement of \(-CH_2\) groups in their carbon chain.Members all have the same functional group, as we mentioned above.We'll explore it in more depth in just a second. This is a formula that expresses the basic ratio of different atoms in a molecule. All members can be represented by a general formula.Why aren't they as versatile and prevalent as carbon? You know that there are other atoms that have four electrons in their outer shell, such as silicon. This means that carbon forms compounds with a range of different elements, and we'll look at examples of organic molecules featuring both oxygen and nitrogen later. It's not fussy about who it bonds with - it is just as happy bonding with oxygen as it is with nitrogen. To achieve a full outer shell, the atom needs to form four covalent bonds. Atoms tend to want to have full outer shells of electrons, and in carbon's case, this means having eight valence electrons. These four outer shell electrons make carbon a tetravalent atom. Two are found in an inner shell, whilst four are found in its outer shell (also known as its valence shell). You can see that carbon has six electrons. Take a look at carbon's electron configuration, shown below. Well, carbon has two properties in particular that make it so good at forming molecules and compounds: Making up the backbone of all the organic compounds in the world is a big task, but carbon successfully rises to the occasion. Organic molecules are all based on the element carbon. Because they are made from just one element, they don't count as compounds. Structures such as graphite and diamond are also excluded from the group. The reasons behind their exclusion are mostly historic, instead of being based on any defining feature. These include carbonates, cyanides, and carbon dioxide. To tell the truth, there is no fixed definition of an organic compound, and some carbon-based molecules are in fact not organic compounds. After that, we'll explore organic compound nomenclature and ways of representing these molecules using formulae.You'll learn terms such as saturated and alicyclic.We'll start by defining organic compounds before looking at the different types of organic compounds.This article is about organic compounds in chemistry.From the material of your clothes and the food you eat to the fuel for your car and the retina in your eyes, organic compounds are everywhere. What do these activities have in common? They all involve organic compounds. At some point, you sat down, pulled out your phone or computer and started reading this article. After that, you might have travelled to work or school, perhaps by car or bus, both fuelled by petrol or diesel. You then might have sipped at a coffee whilst eating a slice of toast spread thickly with butter and jam. You probably got up, showered and put on some clothes, perhaps made from cotton or acrylic. Reaction Quotient and Le Chatelier's Principle.Prediction of Element Properties Based on Periodic Trends.Ion and Atom Photoelectron Spectroscopy.Elemental Composition of Pure Substances.Application of Le Chatelier's Principle.Intramolecular Force and Potential Energy.Variable Oxidation State of Transition Elements.Transition Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution.You can try unlimited times to improve your score.You should achieve 70% to pass on a particular quiz after attempting all questions in the quiz.Press Finish Button to check your consolidated quiz result.On the last page, there will be the Finish Button instead of the Next Button.Every quiz has multiple questions on multiple pages. Use the Next Button to continue to take questions on this particular quiz.After your selection, the system will automatically let you know about your answer right or wrong.Once you select one option, the system will not allow you to change.Select the correct option after having confirmation in your mind.We hope you will find this very useful for your regular exam preparations and entry tests at undergraduate levels, particularly for medical and engineering students (MDCAT, ECAT, NUST, NUMS, JEE, NEET). Here, we have compiled many Basic Organic Chemistry quizzes free for students of grades 11 and 12. Basic Organic Chemistry concepts are essential to learning for every level in chemistry courses.
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